Navigating the Legal Waters of the Strait of Hormuz

The Strait of Hormuz, sandwiched between Iran and Oman, serves as a crucial pathway for oil and gas exports to the world. Though watched by both nations, Iran wields considerable influence over this narrow passage, measuring just 21 nautical miles at its most constricted point.

With rising tensions involving Iran, Israel, and the United States, Tehran has periodically limited shipping through the strait, sparking global concerns over oil supply. Central to this issue are questions of international law: Can Iran enforce such limitations, and does the US have the authority to send military convoys to safeguard shipping?

Defined as an international strait, the Strait of Hormuz is governed by laws that allow for uninhibited navigation, so long as ships traverse promptly. In times of wartime conflict, the San Remo Manual provides guidance, emphasizing the distinction between belligerent and neutral states. Concerns rise over the protection of neutral commerce and the use of military escorts, challenging the implementation of these international laws.