Central Banks Tackle Inflation with Innovative Tools Amid Energy Shock

Central banks globally face the challenge of managing rising inflation expectations triggered by an energy shock related to the Iran war. Policymakers are cautiously considering interest rate hikes, but only if they believe increased energy costs will spread and lift inflation expectations throughout the economy.

Given the difficulty in measuring these expectations, central banks employ a variety of surveys and indicators, which are not without flaws. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, they have developed new tools to bridge data gaps but recognize that gauging expectations is as much an art as it is a science.

Policymakers are wary of relying solely on intuition and seek robust data to avoid policy errors. With behaviors evolving since the 2022 inflation spike, central banks refine their assessment models to address the economic complexities of persistent energy price hikes and an evolving global landscape.